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Contents
Preface
Introduction to the Second Edition
I. THE INVESTIGATOR :
1. General Considerations
2. The Duties of the Investigator
3. The Procedure of the Investigator
4. Preconceived Theories
5. Certain Qualities Essential to an Investigator
6. Knowledge of Men
7. Finding his Bearings
8. Preparation of Cases for Court
9. The "Expeditious" Investigator
10. Accuracy and Precision in Details
II. EXAMINATION OF WITNESSES AND ACCUSED :
1. General Considerations
2. Examination of Witnesses :
i. When a Witness Wishes to Speak the Truth :
a. Fundamental Considerations :
(i) Perception
(ii) Memory
b. Special Considerations :
(i) Strong Feeling as a Cause of Inaccuracy of Observation
(ii) Inaccurate Observations Following Wounds on the Head
(iii) Differences in the Observing Powers, Resulting from Differences in the Natural Qualities and Intellectual Culture of The Observer :
(a) Children
(b) Boys
(c) Girls
(d) Adolescents
(e) Middle-aged People
(F) Old People
2. Examination of Witnesses and Accused-continued :
i. When the Witness docs not Wish to Speak the Truth
ii. Pathological Lying
Examination of the Accused
III. INSPECTION OF LOCALITIES :
1. Preparation
2. What to do at the Scene of Offence
3. The Actual Description of the Scene of Offence
4. Search for Hidden Objects
IV. EQUIPMENT OF THE INVESTIGATOR
V. THE SCIENTIFIC EXPERT AND THE INVESTIGATOR :
1. The Selection and Packing of Material for Expert Examination :
i. Clothing
ii. Small Samples
iii. Bulky Samples
iv. Liquids
v. Organs and Body Fluids
vi. Blood and Bloodstains
vii. Labelling
2. The Role of the Medico-Legal Expert
3. The Role of the Chemist
4. The Role of the Biologist and Mineralogist
5. Expert Examination :
i. The Search for, and Identification of, Bloodstains
ii. Other Body Fluids
iii. Stomach Contents, Intestinal Contents and Excreta
iv. Hairs
v. Fibres
vi. Wood Fragments
vii. Dust and Debris :
a. Road and Footpath Dusts
b. Dust Deposited from the Air
c. Industrial Dusts
d. Occupational Dusts
e. Methods of Collecting and Examining Dusts
viii. Broken Glass
ix. Other Materials
6. Laboratory Aspects of Sexual Offences
7. Laboratory Aspects of Larceny and Breaking Offences :
i. Larceny :
a. Larceny of Tomatoes
b. Larceny of a Car Battery
c. Larceny of Fowls
ii. Breaking Offences :
a. Premises
b. Safe-breaking
8. Handwriting
9. Photography :
i. Importance of Photography from a Judicial Point of View
ii. Particular Cases of the Employment of Photography
iii. Recognition of Criminals from their Photographs
10. The Scientific Investigator: Fingerprints :
i. General Observations
ii. Fingerprint Identification
iii. Apparatus for Fingerprint Examination at Scenes of Crime
iv. Fingerprint Examination at Scenes of Crime
v. Palmprints
vi. Prints of the Bare Foot
vii. Packing Articles for Fingerprint Examination
viii. Single Fingerprint Collections
ix. Scenes of Crime Collections
x. Fingerprint Evidence
xi. Missing Persons
xii. Fingerprint v. Personal Identification
xiii. The Radio Transmission of Fingerprints
xiv. Fingerprints of Twins
VI. THE PRESS
VII. PRACTICES OF CRIMINALS :
1. Disguising the Face
2. False Names
3. Pretended Illnesses and Pains :
i. " Illness " of Witnesses or Suspects before the Court
ii. Sudden " Illness" of Accused or Witnesses when Under Examination :
a. Blindness
b. Deafness
c. Epilepsy
d. Fainting Fits
e. Insanity
4. Hand Signals
5. Secret Writing
6. Signals of Recognition
VIII. SLANG EXPRESSIONS COMMONLY USED BY THIEVES :
1. Arrest, Sentences, Prison, etc
2. Money, Cheques, etc
3. Jewellery
4. People
5. Places, Articles, etc
6. Miscellaneous Expressions
IX. CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF WEAPONS :
1. Firearms :
i. General Considerations
ii. Questions Involved in Firearms Examination
iii. Different Kinds of Firearms :
a. Guns (Including Rifles)
b. Shot-Guns :
(i) Types of Shot-Guns
(ii) Airguns
(iii) Bore of Shot-Guns
(iv) Barrels of Shot-Guns
(v) Explosive Action :
(a) Muzzle-Loaders
(b) Breech-Loaders
c. Rifles :
(i) Muzzle-Loading Rifles
(ii) Breech-Loading Rifles
b. Pistols
c. Revolvers
d. Sub-Machine Guns
iv. Ammunition :
a. Powder
b. The Projectile
v. Objects Hit by a Projectile
2. Cutting and Stabbing Weapons :
i. General Considerations
ii. Cutting and Stabbing Weapons Properly so Called :
a. Sword-Arms
b. Arms in the Form of a Knife
c. Arms in the Shape of a Lance or Spear
d. Oriental Weapons
X. DRAWING AND ALLIED ARTS :
1. General Considerations
2. Drawing :
i. Plan of the Interior of a House
ii. Sketch of Dwelling
iii. Sketch of the Environs of the House
iv. Sketch of a Larger Portion of Country
v. Reproduction of Drawings, Printed Matter, Etc
3. Drawing on Squared Paper
4. The National Grid
5. Modelling
6. Piecing Together Torn Paper
7. Preserving and Deciphering Burnt Paper
XI. FOOTPRINTS AND OTHER Impressions :
1. Footprints :
i. The Measurement of the Print
ii. The " Trace " Itself :
a. The Walking Image
b. The Line of Direction
c. The Line of March
d. The Line of the Foot
e. The Length of the Step
f. Other Kinds of Walking
iii. The Reproduction of Footprints
2. Casts :
i. General Considerations
ii. Casts of Impressions in Soil :
a. Plaster of Paris :
(i) Mixing the Plaster
b. Resin and Wax
iii. Internal Casting
iv. Impressions In Dust
v. Identification of Foot Impressions
vi. Taking Specimen Impressions
vi. Casts of Implement Marks, Tooth Marks, Etc :
a. Wood's Metal
b. Plastic Materials :
(i) Plasticine
(ii) Dental Composition
c. Plaster of Paris
vii. Tooth Marks
viii. Positive Casts
ix. Moulage-Casts of the Human Body :
a. Method of Use
x. Marks Made by Vehicles
3. The Redevelopment of Latent Impressions On Metals, Etc. :
i. Technique
ii. ' Re-Etching :
a. Cast Iron and Cast Steel
b. Wrought, Drawn and Forged Irons and Steels
c. Aluminium
d. Copper, Brass, German Silver and Other Copper Alloys
e. Stainless Steel
f. Lead (Motor-Car Batteries, Etc.)
g. Zinc
h. German Silver
i. Tin
j. Silver
k. Gold and Platinum
l. Wood
m. Leather
n. Rubber
iii. The Identification of Type Marks
iv. Fine Scratch and Depressed Marks
XII. CRYPTOGRAPHY
XIII. THEFT :
1. General Considerations
2. Thieves' Scouts and Spies
3. Thieves' Equipment
4. Accomplices
5. The Theft Itself
6. Burglary and Housebreaking :
i. Entering by the Window
ii. Entering by the Door :
a. Attacking the Door Itself
b. Attacking the Lock
iii. Entering in Other Ways
7. Pocket-Picking
8. Sneak Thefts
9. Thefts in Bazaars and Shops
10. Domestic Thefts
XIV. CHEATING AND FRAUD :
1. General Considerations
2. Falsification of Documents :
i. In General
ii. The Examination of False Documents :
a. Paper Testing
b. Inks :
(i) Age of Inks
(ii) Analysis of Inks
3. Coining
4. Mock Auctions and Rigged Sales
5. Card-Sharping, Cheating at Games, Confidence Tricks :
i. Card-Sharping and Cheating at Games
ii. Confidence Tricks
6. Types of Fraud :
i. Sharepushing
ii. Greyhound Racing Track Frauds
iii. Long Firm Frauds
iv. Fraud On Banks-"Kite Flying"
v. Frauds Relating to Antiquities and Works of Art :
a. Prehistoric Objects
b. Egyptian Antiquities
c. Antique Pottery
d. Glassware
e. Old COINS and Medals
f. Pictures
g. Articles of Earthenware, Stone and Porcelain
h. Manuscripts, Books and Bindings
i. Furniture and Upholstery
j. Weapons
k. Miscellaneous
XV. ARSON :
1. General Considerations
2. Quasi-Spontaneous Combustion :
i. Through Physical Causes
ii. Through Chemical Causes
3. Spontaneous Combustion Proper :
i. Spontaneous Combustion in Hay
ii. Cotton Fires
iii. Other Combustible Materials
4. Ignition Point and Flash Point-Appendix
XVI. ROAD ACCIDENTS
XVII. THE CRIMINAL RECORD OFFICE :
1. Records of Criminals
2. Prisoner's Property Index
3. Crime Index
4. Property Index
5. Stolen Motor-Vehicle Index
6. Publications
XVIII. INTERNATIONAL CRIME : INTERPOL